What should one know about the geography and population of Australia?
- What do you need to know about the Australian Union? Information and attractions.
- What should one know about the natural and political features of Australia?
- The economy and history of Australia: from colonization to the present day
General information about the Commonwealth of Australia
The Commonwealth of Australia is the full name of the country that encompasses the continent of Australia, as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous small islands located in the waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Australia has no land borders with other countries, and its closest neighbor, Papua New Guinea, is separated from it by a water distance of 145 kilometers. The capital of this country is Canberra.
Geography and climate
A vast part of Australia's territory is dominated by deserts and flatlands. The most famous deserts in this region are:
- Great Sandy Desert
- Victoria Desert
The eastern part of the continent is occupied by a low mountain range known as the Great Dividing Range. Australia has an area of approximately 7,692 thousand square kilometers, making it one of the largest countries in the world.
Climate conditions vary from region to region, and Australia encompasses several climate zones:
- In the north, there is a monsoon subequatorial climate.
- In the center is a tropical desert.
- The southwestern territory has a subtropical climate.
- The East Coast has a tropical marine climate.
- Tasmania has a temperate maritime climate.
In January, the temperature ranges from 20 to 30°C, while in July it varies from 12 to 20°C.
Population of the country
As of 2010, the population of Australia is approximately 22,336 thousand people. The majority of Australians are descendants of immigrants who arrived in the country since the 18th century, mainly from:
- United Kingdom
- Ireland
- Netherlands
Immigrants from other countries make up about a third of the total population. Indigenous people number less than 500,000.English languageis the official language of the state.
Religious composition and currency
More than 70% of the population practices Christianity, with about:
- 22% are Catholics.
- 22% - Anglicans
- and about the same number belong to representatives of other Christian denominations
The official currency of the country isAustralian dollarThe time zone of Australia coincides with Moscow's, but it is ahead of Moscow by 5-7 hours (UTC +8… +10).
Attractions of Australia
Speaking of tourist attractions in Australia, it's worth mentioning the amazing animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. Among them, marsupials stand out particularly:
- kangaroo
- koala
- wombat
- and many other rare species
You can meet them in numerous national parks, zoos, and reserves scattered throughout the country.
Sydney - a tourist attraction
Sydney, although it is not the official capital of Australia, attracts many tourists eager to see the city. The two main attractions of Sydney are:
- Sydney Opera House
- Khabar Bridge
The unique sail-like design of the Sydney Opera House makes it one of the most famous architectural structures in the world. Architect Jorn Utzon emphasizes that he created a truly unique sculpture, within which the theater halls are located. The Harbour Bridge is considered one of the largest arch bridges that can be found on our planet.
Natural attractions of Australia
Among the most impressive natural wonders of the world isGreat Barrier Reef, which is the largest coral formation on the planet. We should not forget aboutIn the Blue Mountains— in this amazing nature reserve, its characteristic bluish hue is formed due to the evaporation of essential oils from the eucalyptus trees that grow in this area.
Ayers RockThe majestic landscape rising above the flat expanses of central Australia, with its orange-brown hues, also deserves attention. If you need a more comprehensive understanding of the diverse regions, cities, and natural beauties of Australia, we recommend visiting the "Regions of Australia" section. For those considering purchasing property on this green continent, the information in the "Market Overview" section will be useful.
A journey from Russia to Australia
When planning a trip to Australia, the fastest routes from Russia involve flying fromVladivostokinBrisbanewith a transfer inSeoulOptions with transfers are also available fromMoscowandSaint Petersburg.
- Air transportation services are provided by companies such as:
- Cathay Pacific Airways
- Lufthansa
- Emirates
- British Airways
- Etihad Airways
- "Vladivostok Avia"
The main airports are located in the major cities of the country, such asSydney,Melbourne,Brisbane,Adelaide,Pert,Hobartand others.
Visa for Russian citizens
Russian citizens planning a trip to Australia are required to obtain a visa. Additional details about obtaining a visa can be found in the relevant section dedicated to visa requirements and residency options in Australia.
The political system of Australia
As for the political structure of the country, Australia is a part of...British Commonwealth, which consists of sixteen states, headed by the Queen of the United KingdomElizabeth IIShe appointsGovernor-General, performing representative functions.
The power in the state is exercised byprime minister, appointed by the governor-general, who works together with him to createfederal executive council, representing the highest executive authority. Actual political power is concentrated in the hands of the prime minister, who was elected in June 2010.Julia Gillard.
Legislative and judicial power
The legislative power is represented by two chambers of parliament, which include the queen.senateandHouse of RepresentativesThe judicial system is controlled.Supreme Court of Australia, which performs important functions in ensuring justice.
Participation in international politics
Australia is actively involved in international politics and is a member of several significant organizations:
- UN since 1945
- OECD since 1971
- APEC since 1989
The territory and economy of the country
On the political map of Australia, six states are highlighted:
- New South Wales
- Queensland
- South Australia
- Tasmania
- Victoria
- Western Australia
There are also three territories with special status:
- Northern Territory
- Australian Capital Territory
- Jervis Bay
The economic situation of the country also deserves attention. In 2008, Australia's gross domestic product amounted to800.2 billion US dollarswhich highlights the significance and stability of its economic situation on the global stage.
Gross Domestic Product of Australia
The services sector plays a significant role in Australia's gross domestic product (GDP), accounting for 69% of the country's entire economy.
In contrast, the extraction of natural resources accounts for only 5% of Australia's total GDP. Agriculture, while contributing a modest 3% to the economy, reaches an impressive 22% in exports.
Key players in the market
Among the major companies representing the Australian market, the following can be highlighted:
- Murray Goulburn— known for dairy product manufacturing;
- Yalumba— winery;
- Santos— oil corporation;
- Caltex Australia— fuel and lubricant manufacturer;
- Coopers— beer manufacturer;
- Y-Not Natura— cosmetic company.
In the city of Adelaide, the media holding News Corporation operated until 2004. If you are considering starting your own business in Australia, it is important for you to research information about entrepreneurship in this country.
Public holidays
In Australia, there are also official holidays when many citizens take a break. These include:
- January 1— New Year;
- January 26- Australia Day;
- CelebrationEasterwhich can take place from March 22 to April 25, including important dates such as Good Friday and Easter Monday;
- April 25— ANZAC Day;
- December 25 and 26— Christmas.
Historical context
The historical events of Australia span many years and are remarkable since the migration of the ancestors of modern Aboriginal people from Southeast Asia. The first inhabitants of the continent left their cultural heritage, but documented evidence of the arrival of Europeans on Australian shores dates back to the early 17th century.
In 1606, the Dutchman Willem Janszoon was the first to land in the northern part of the country. In 1616, his compatriot Dirk Hartog explored the western coast, and by the 13th century, a fairly complete body of information about the territory had already been gathered. In 1770, the explorer and British captain James Cook conducted an expedition along the eastern coast of the continent.
Key events of the colonial period
The year 1788 marked the landing of English Captain Arthur Phillip on the shores of Australia, which began the establishment of the British colony known as New South Wales. Subsequently, other colonies were formed. The process of colonizing new lands led to the migration of local Aboriginal people and resulted in increased mortality due to introduced diseases.
The discovery of gold deposits in the 1850s played a critical role in Australia's economic growth for many years to come. The gold rush attracted immigrants from various European countries, primarily from the United Kingdom and Ireland, as well as from the United States and China.
In 1851, the authorities began implementing a licensing system for gold mining, which became one of the most important steps in regulating the industry. However, the dissatisfaction of gold miners with the existing working conditions and their desire for democratic rights led to the Eureka Rebellion in 1854, named after the Eureka Hotel in Victoria, where barricades were erected. As a result of this uprising, from 1855 onwards, Australian colonies began to receive elements of self-governance, marking an important milestone in the establishment of the modern state structure of the country.
Modern Australia
This period of history demonstrates Australia's development from a colonial state to an independent governed nation with a diverse economy and multiple industries. Today, Australia continues its path of development, integrating both ancient heritage and modern trends into its culture.
Conclusion
Australia is an amazing combination of unique nature, diverse climates, rich history, and cultural heritage. This country, surrounded by the ocean and lacking land borders, entices travelers with its natural beauty and extraordinary animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. When I studied the geography and climatic features of Australia, I was struck by the variety of landscapes, from deserts to tropical forests, which create the distinctive character of this continent.
Population and culture
The population of the country, primarily made up of descendants of immigrants, showcases a diversity of cultures and traditions.A significant aspectThe status of English as an official language and the religious diversity add a unique flavor to the country.
Attractions
I paid special attention to cultural landmarks, both famous buildings in Sydney and natural wonders, such as:
- Great Barrier Reef
- Uluru
These places undoubtedly impress with their beauty and grandeur.
Trip to Australia
When planning a trip to Australia, an important aspect isvisa applicationIt may require additional effort, but it is undoubtedly worth it. I hope this review helps you better understand what awaits you on this majestic continent and inspires you for further exploration and discoveries.
Why you should visit Australia
Australia is not just a country; it's a whole world of opportunities, with each corner having its own story and charm. This amazing region, where the diversity of nature meets a rich cultural heritage, is worth visiting at least once in a lifetime to see all its beauty and variety with your own eyes. I am sure that the impressions from the trip will stay with you forever.
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