What you should know about Nicosia: the history, architecture, and modernity of the city.

On the page dedicated to Nicosia, we will delve into the unique journey that has shaped this city into its modern form. Centuries of history, infused with numerous cultures and events, have defined the distinctiveness of the modern Cypriot capital, located in a picturesque plain surrounded by majestic mountains. Nicosia is just 50 kilometers from Larnaca, the nearest resort on the southern coast, and 25 kilometers from Kyrenia, a major settlement in the north, currently belonging to the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

The historical path of Nicosia

The history of Nicosia is full of unexpected events and twists. This city, founded by ancient Greek settlers as Ledra, has experienced periods of both prosperity and decline. Although its significance began to wane by the 4th century BC, it eventually regained its status and importance. The city has gone through many historical phases, ultimately leading to its designation as the capital, a role it has maintained even during the rule of the Frankish Lusignan dynasty.

It was during this period that the monastery was named Nicosia, although the Greeks still prefer to call it Lefkosia, while the Turks use the name Lefkoşa.

Architectural changes

The Venetians, who arrived after the Franks, significantly changed the architectural landscape of the city by starting the construction of defensive fortresses and citadels. However, despite these fortifications, Nicosia was captured by the Ottoman Empire in 1560 and became part of its territories for several centuries.

During this time, as the Ottoman Empire began to weaken, control over Cyprus passed to Great Britain in the 19th century. The peak of Cyprus's independence was achieved in 1960, opening a new chapter in its history – the Republic of Cyprus.

Social structure at the time of independence

At the time of gaining independence, two nations lived on the island:

• Greek Cypriotsabout 80% of the population
• Turkish CypriotsThey counted approximately 20%.

The joint efforts of both groups are aimed at maintaining peaceful coexistence during the shared governance of the country, with a Greek holding the presidency and a Turk serving as prime minister. Quotas were established in various government institutions, highlighting their intention to work together.

Conflict and its consequences

Despite this, in March 1973, a military coup occurred, leading to the rise of right-wing forces with the aim of uniting Cyprus with Greece. This caused a sharp escalation in relations between ethnic groups. When the rivalry reached a critical point, Turkey responded by sending its troops to the island, which allowed it to control the northern part of Cyprus.

As a result, many Greeks living in Kyrenia, Famagusta, Guzelyurt, and the Karpas Peninsula were forced to leave their homes and move south. At the same time, Turkish Cypriots in the south began to move north, which foreshadowed a long and complicated history of division and conflict.

Nicosia today

With such a rich historical heritage, Nicosia continues to attract the attention of researchers, tourists, and those interested in studying the impact of diverse cultures and historical processes on the formation of this city, which strives to preserve its identity and ensure peaceful coexistence.

The infrastructure of Nicosia, climate, and transportation links continue to develop in line with modern challenges, while preserving the diversity that makes it an important cultural and historical center of Cyprus.

The division of Cyprus and its consequences

A buffer zone has formed between the Greek and Turkish sectors of Cyprus, guarded by UN peacekeeping forces. Notably, this border divides the capital, Nicosia, into two parts: one is the capital of the Republic of Cyprus, while the other belongs to the unrecognized Turkish Republic of NorthernCyprus, established in 1983 with Turkey's support. Over the past fifty years, since the beginning of this conflict, many attempts have been made to unite these two regions, but none have resulted in a positive outcome due to serious disagreements between the parties.

Development of the Republic of Cyprus

The Republic of Cyprus is actively developing in the context of international politics and joined the European Union in 2004, which made it well-known among both tourists and investors. Key points:

• Cyprus has become a popular destination for tourism and investment.
• Northern Cyprus is in a state of lack of international recognition and relies on assistance from Turkey.
• The uncertain political situation attracts foreign tourists and diversifies the local culture.

The current situation on the island

Many years after the active phase of the conflict, a certain balance has been achieved, and the situation is perceived as less tense. However, the issue of the legal status of both parts of Cyprus remains unresolved. Important facts:

• Local residents from the Greek side sometimes cross the border for shopping.
• Prices for goods in Northern Cyprus are lower, although they have increased slightly.
• Many people go to get gasoline, as its price on this side is only a third of the prices in the Greek sector.

Travel and crossing borders

Tourists strolling along Ledra Street in Nicosia can easily cross the border at the checkpoint by showing their passport and continue exploring the sights on the Turkish side. However, it is important to keep the following in mind:

• Travelers arriving in Northern Cyprus directly from Turkey should keep in mind that visiting the Greek part may pose difficulties.
• Even with a visa, locals consider such an arrival illegal.

Rights of former property owners

One of the significant achievements in the negotiations was the restoration of the rights of former property owners to their abandoned assets. Key points:

• In the early 2010s, there were situations where owners made claims on their homes.
• According to the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, the return of property in Northern Cyprus is not permitted.
• Greek Cypriots should turn to the special commission on property issues established by Turkey in 2006 to address their problems.
• Some who have lost their homes may receive financial compensation.

Infrastructure of Nicosia

Nicosia serves as the administrative, business, and cultural center of the Republic of Cyprus. The city is home to many government institutions, organizations, and cultural establishments, making it attractive for both living and doing business. Investments aimed at developing infrastructure contribute to the economic growth of the region and attract both local and foreign entrepreneurs.

Government institutions and monuments

The capital of Cyprus is home to the most important state authorities, including the president's residence and the magnificent palace of the archbishop. There is also a monument to Makarios III, who was not only the founding father of the independent republic but also the head of the church. Nicosia is where the main state structures are located: the House of Representatives, the Supreme Court, as well as numerous ministries and embassies that periodically organize various events for the general public.

Architectural landmarks

Tourists visiting Cyprus are eager to see its unique architectural landmarks. Among them stand out:

• Ruins of a Venetian fortress, playing the role of a snowflake;
• Historical temples that amaze with their splendor;

The narrow and colorful streets of the old town invite you for a stroll, while the archaeological museum, which is a real hit among tourists, holds a rich cultural heritage. Next to the fortress walls is the modern Freedom Square, designed by the famous architect Zaha Hadid.

Parks and leisure

Local residents prefer to spend their free time in picturesque parks, such as "Grammiko" and Atala Forest Park, which gives Nicosia the status of one of the greenest cities in Cyprus. This makes the capital comfortable to live in due to the availability of essential amenities:

• Schools, including international ones;
• Preschools
• Language courses;
• Medical facilities for adults and children;
• Banks;
• Large hypermarkets, such as IKEA and Leroy Merlin;

In addition to everything else, the city has small shops, supermarkets, cafes, restaurants, fitness centers, and theaters.

Education in Nicosia

Nicosia also serves as an educational center, home to institutions such as:

• University of Nicosia;
• European University of Cyprus;
• University of Cyprus;
• Frederick University.

The city's infrastructure is at a high level, which attracts many people, and the relatively low cost of living compared to the resorts of Limassol and Larnaca makes Nicosia even more appealing for permanent residence. Although the city is far from the sea, it takes only 50 minutes to reach the coast, although during peak hours this time can increase to 1.5-2 hours.

Nature and outdoor activities

In addition, nearby the capital, there are mountain ranges, among which the famous peak of Olympus stands out, mentioned in the myths of Ancient Greece and located 80 kilometers from Nicosia. In winter, a ski resort operates here, while in other seasons, active leisure activities such as trekking and cycling are popular.

The climate of Nicosia

The climate of Nicosia is significantly different from that of coastal cities: it is noticeably hotter here in the summer, and the winter temperatures are considerably lower. The temperature contrast can reach 10 °C, which is quite noticeable despite the proximity of these cities. Thus, life in Nicosia combines many pleasant aspects, including:

• Established infrastructure;
• Picturesque natural landscapes;
• Diving into a rich history.

Heat and sun protection

In the summer months, the residents of Cyprus's capital, Nicosia, face unbearable heat, which has prompted local authorities to install bright triangular canopies over the heavily frequented central streets of the city. These structures are specifically designed to provide protection from the scorching sunlight.

Sandstorms

In addition, sandstorms periodically occur in the region, coming from the African continent and the Arabian Peninsula, creating additional challenges for both locals and tourists.

The best times to visit

The best seasons to visit Nicosia are spring and autumn, when the temperatures become more favorable, making the climate significantly more comfortable.

Airports and air travel

It is worth mentioning that the Nicosia airport is closed today, as UN peacekeepers are stationed there. The nearest functioning airport is located in Larnaca, about 50 kilometers from the capital. Direct flights from Russia have been suspended, and only connecting flight options are available, which certainly increases the cost of travel and makes it less convenient.

Erjan Airport

A few kilometers from Nicosia, on the northern side of the island, is Ercan Airport, which, after the launch of its new terminal, also accommodates large passenger planes. However, a significant portion of flights is still connected to Turkey.

Transport system

In the city itself, there are several bus stations, the main ones located in Solomos Square, from where buses depart to various corners of the country. In addition to this, there are city bus routes operating in Nicosia, but most locals prefer to get around in their own cars.

Architecture and construction

As for the city's development, Nicosia is primarily characterized by low-rise architecture — here you can find both small and mid-rise buildings. At the same time, the city has many dilapidated structures that are in need of major repairs.

Modern complexes

Against the backdrop of preserved historical buildings, modern complexes are actively being constructed that meet high quality standards. New residential complexes are emerging both on vacant lots and on abandoned areas around the city.

Skyscrapers

In recent years, skyscrapers like "360" and "Tower-25" have been actively constructed in Nicosia, similar to the development in Limassol, significantly changing the architectural appearance of the city.

Old Town

The old town, located within the preserved fortress walls, is not popular as a residential area and is often associated with migrants. Many buildings here are in a state of disrepair, and their utilities are outdated.

Real estate update

Currently, there is a trend in the old center towards renovating and updating properties for subsequent rental to tourists. However, this practice is not widespread, possibly due to the overall decline of the housing stock or the negative image of the area.

Getting around Nicosia

In Nicosia, you can get around both by private cars and by using public transport, which makes exploring the capital very convenient.

The Agios Dometios area

One of the notable areas is Agios Dometios, which is located near the city center. The locals here have access to a well-developed infrastructure that offers all the necessary services and amenities for everyday life.

The University of Nicosia, located near the buffer zone, adds special value to this area, making it attractive to students and young people.

Straw-haired

Moving south from Agios Omologites, you can reach the Strovolos area, which has become quite popular for real estate purchases.

• This place attracts the attention of families with children and pets.
• There are also good conditions here for active people and entrepreneurs due to the comfortable living environment.
• This area will be convenient for students of the European University of Cyprus.

Aglanja and Plati

In the southeast of Nicosia are Aglandja and Platy, which are located near the large Atalassa forest park.

Although the infrastructure in these areas may be slightly less developed compared to Strovolos, their proximity to green spaces creates an ideal atmosphere for living.

The tranquility and coziness of these areas attract families with children and students, as the University of Cyprus is nearby.

Dasupolis District

In the center of Nicosia, there is a small but comfortable area called Dasoupolis.

• It is perfect for both students and working people.
• There is a well-developed infrastructure here that offers all the necessary amenities for living.

Engomi

Engomi is a well-known and prestigious area located in close proximity to the city center and adjacent to Strovolos.

Despite its proximity to the urban hustle and bustle, this area can provide a calm and quiet atmosphere, making it appealing to those seeking solitude from crowded places.

There is also everything necessary for the comfortable life of couples here.

Educational institutions and their popularity among students

Just south of Engomi, in Agios Dometios, is the University of Nicosia, and further south, in the Strovolos area, is the European University, which also contributes to the popularity of these places among students.

Makedonitis

The Makadoniotis area, located south of Engomi and west of Strovolos, offers quality housing and has a well-developed infrastructure.

His proximity to universities is an important factor for those who are eager to study.

Lakatamia

Lakatamia, although located at a considerable distance from the city center, nevertheless offers a developed infrastructure and excellent transport connections with the Strovolos area.

This place is perfect for those seeking peace and a desire to live in a quiet environment.

Latcha

Latcha, similar to Lakatamia, is located away from the city center, but is nonetheless characterized by a well-developed infrastructure and easy access to all parts of the city.

Here you can find both apartments and individual houses, including new builds with gated complexes, which create ideal conditions for comfortable living.

Kaymaklı: A Promising Area for Living

Kaymakli, located in the northeastern part of Nicosia, is a great option for those planning to settle down permanently. This quiet area is close to the city center and has a well-developed infrastructure, making it particularly attractive for students due to its proximity to Frederick University.

Growth of the Real Estate Market in Cyprus

The real estate market in Cyprus is showing steady growth, which affects both the local population and foreign buyers, serving as a significant stimulus for increased demand.

During the first eight months of 2023, there was a sharp decline of 22% in the number of transactions for citizens of European Union countries, while the number of purchases by citizens of other countries increased by an impressive 76%. The most active buyers were:

• Russians,
• Ukrainians,
• Israelis.

According to official statistics, in August 2023, foreigners from non-EU countries purchased about one in three real estate properties.

Shares of Housing Sales to Foreigners in Nicosia

However, within the context of Nicosia, this trend is not as significant. The share of property purchases by foreigners in the capital is only11%For comparison, in other cities the figures are significantly higher:

• Limassol - 31%,
• Pathos - 57%
• Famagusta - 56%,
• Larnaca - 34%.

This indicates that the main buyer audience in the capital's real estate market consists of the Cypriots themselves. Although Nicosia ranks second in the number of transactions in the domestic market after Limassol, it significantly lags behind other cities in terms of sales volumes to foreigners, where the coastal areas are more attractive.

Housing prices in Nicosia

When it comes to housing prices, Nicosia can offer significant advantages: the prices here are20-30%lower than in popular coastal cities. Apartment rentals also have lower rates - on15-20%less than in the coastal area. For example, a small apartment in an old building with proper finishing can be purchased starting from90,000 eurosFor the same amount, the owners are offering apartments in the city center that need renovation.

Available Apartments in Kaymakli

The prices for one-bedroom apartments in new residential complexes start from100,000 eurosIn the Kaymakli area, near Frederick University, one-bedroom apartments are for sale at a price of only105,900 euros (plus VAT). In this area, there is also the construction of a small residential complex, where the price of two-bedroom apartments starts from173,000 euros (plus VAT). In addition, there are offers for the sale of one-bedroom apartments (area 67 sq. m) in an attractive building at the final stage of construction, located near the University of Nicosia, starting at145,000 euros(plus VAT).

Prestigious Engomi District

In the prestigious area of Engomi, near the center, a small residential complex is being built, consisting of only eight apartments. A spacious two-bedroom apartment is offered at a price starting from259,000 euros(plus VAT).

Thus, Nicosia remains an attractive place to buy property, offering competitive prices and decent infrastructure, which continues to attract both local residents and foreign investments in real estate.

The rise in housing prices in Nicosia

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in prices for new apartments on the outskirts and in the suburbs of Nicosia. Today, the cost of such housing starts from 290,000 to 300,000 euros. The market offers villas from first owners, especially actively available in developing areas like Strovolos, where prices start at around 350,000 euros. For example, in Lakatamia, you can currently find a villa under construction with an area of 185 square meters, priced at 290,000 euros, located in a quiet and cozy environment.

Interest in Nicosia

Now let's take a closer look at what makes Nicosia interesting. It should be noted that capitals are usually located some distance from the coast, which leads to harsher climatic conditions compared to coastal areas, as well as increased traffic congestion. Nevertheless, Nicosia is known for its developed infrastructure, which facilitates efficient official work and the provision of various services. The city has many green spaces that are perfect for walking, physical activities, and shopping.

Attracting foreign investments

Every year, more and more foreigners are beginning to realize the advantages that Nicosia offers. Cyprus is actively working to attract high-tech and scientific companies. Due to the existing tax incentives, many IT startups, including those from Russia and Ukraine, are choosing this location for relocation. Limassol has become a priority location for young entrepreneurs, but as real estate experts note, large firms with a permanent team often choose to rent offices in Nicosia, as the cost of housing for staff is more affordable here. Additionally, Nicosia offers a wide selection of apartments for both purchase and rent. In contrast, the situation in Limassol is the opposite: high demand for housing means that attractive options quickly disappear from the market.

Investors and students

Another interesting group of foreign clients choosing Nicosia consists of students and investors purchasing apartments for future rental. Typically, these buyers focus on small apartments, such as studios and one-bedroom units, located near universities. However, it is worth noting that there are certain restrictions on short-term rentals in Nicosia. The tourist flow in the capital is significantly lower compared to resort areas, and many visitors come for just one night or without any overnight plans at all. Therefore, investments are more often directed towards long-term rentals aimed at students, young professionals, and families seeking stable housing.

Commercial real estate in Nicosia

Nevertheless, Nicosia also attracts investors interested in commercial real estate. The city is in an active phase of development, and there is a growing demand for:

• office spaces;
• trading points;
• public catering establishments;
• leisure

The situation in the real estate market in the Turkish part of Nicosia is similar to what was described above. Most foreign investors prefer coastal areas such as Kyrenia and Famagusta, while the capital itself remains somewhat overlooked. However, Nicosia is home to two major universities and numerous other educational institutions and cultural sites, which creates potential opportunities for future investments.

Conclusion

In concluding my article about Nicosia, I want to emphasize that this city, divided not only by a physical but also a spiritual wall, continues to be an important cultural and historical center not only for Cyprus but for the entire Mediterranean. Nicosia is not just a capital; it is a living testament to a complex history, where the fates of Greeks and Turks intertwine, and where echoes of the past remind us at every turn of the price society pays for peace and harmony.

Modern Nicosia

The peaceful status quo that has been established in the city, despite its complicated history, offers unique opportunities for unification and dialogue between both sides. Every year, thousands of tourists come here to:

• To see the merging of different cultures;
• Enjoy the historical landmarks;
• Try delicious cuisine.

The boundaries that once seemed insurmountable now open up new horizons for exchange and understanding.

Infrastructure and its role in the modern world

The developing infrastructure of Nicosia and its role as an administrative and business center give the city special significance for both Cypriots and foreign investors. Despite the challenges related to property issues and the legal situation on the island,stabilityandhumanityThe actions of its residents give hope that in the future, the restoration of unity is possible.

The future of Nicosia

Every time I stroll through the streets of Nicosia, I feel the breath of history — both the grandeur of ancient civilizations and the suffering brought by conflicts. This city is a textbook on history, diplomacy, and intercultural interaction. I dream that in the future, Nicosia will become not only a symbol of conflict but also a symbol of reconciliation, strengthening the ties between peoples and cultures.

Results

Nicosia is a city of opportunities, where every corner tells a story of the past. I hope that my observations will help readers gain a deeper understanding not only of this unique capital but also of the broader context of divided societies that exist in the modern world. It is important to remember that regardless of political and cultural differences, we are all human, and this humanity is our best path to peace and progress.