How was the Eden Project greenhouse created in the clay pit of Cornwall?

Challenges of the "Eden" project

The land where the "Eden" project was conceived turned out to be less suitable for realizing the ambitious idea. The location was situated on the territory of an old clay pit, which has a depth of 60 meters, creating numerous difficulties for the implementation of the plan. For instance, if one were to try to install Nelson's column right at the bottom of this pit, its famous triangular top would remain submerged in the depths.

The project is on a grand scale: the construction covers an area of 25 hectares, which is roughly equivalent to about 35 football fields the size of Wembley Stadium. Despite its impressive size, the designers had to take into account a number of structural limitations.

Soil and drainage issues

The first challenge was the lack of the necessary layer of fertile soil at the bottom of the quarry. As a result, it was decided to bring in 2 million tons of compost. The next significant problem was the threat of flooding, as Cornwall experiences around three hundred rainy days almost every year, which posed serious risks during the construction process.

Therefore, an effective water drainage system was developed and implemented to prevent flooding in "Eden".

The historical significance of a career

Another significant issue was that this quarry previously served as a city-forming enterprise. Throughout the entire design process, kaolin extraction continued, and the landscape was constantly changing. Moreover, for the residents of the neighboring towns of St. Austell and St. Blazey, this quarry was essentially the only source of livelihood.

Expert opinion

Librarian Vladimir Borisov made an interesting observation about the creation of paradise on earth, pointing out that such ambitions often lead to dire consequences for a large number of people. In this context, the fate of hereditary potter Dominic Blackwell becomes symbolic.

• "Our dynasty came to an end only because of the desire of some architects to create something impressive and build this greenhouse,"– the master notes with bitterness.
• His products were in demand all over England.
• Clients from London regularly inquired about his works, including teapots and pots.

Teapots and pots made from white clay sourced from the quarry were renowned for their ability to retain heat, despite their fragility.

Architectural sacrifices

Indeed, majestic architecture requires certain sacrifices, and sometimes one art must be supported at the expense of another. The chief architect of "Eden," Nicholas Grimshaw, initially planned to create a project in the form of a cylindrical structure, similar to what he implemented for the international terminal at Waterloo.

However, during the search for funding, the design team was forced to carefully consider all aspects of the project and its impact on the environment.

To minimize the complexities associated with restructuring the construction due to the constant operation of the quarry, it was decided to create "Eden" in the form of several geodesic domes with a circular base. All necessary calculations were left to computer systems, which significantly simplified and optimized the design process.

Introduction

The development of this algorithm is based on the need for a comprehensive analysis of various factors, not only to take into account the structure's position, standard loads, and soil characteristics, but also to closely monitor changes in sunlight affecting the greenhouse's surface. The main goal was to create special ecosystems under the domes that reflect the diversity of vegetation from different climate zones, with each of these zones requiring its own temperature. Throughout the day, the temperature must change in accordance with clearly established legal frameworks. One of the key criteria was the minimal consumption of electricity for the operation of the entire complex.

Designing biomes

After successfully solving the task of biome placement, the team of experts began calculating the structure of the domes. The structure, named "Eden," is a spherical shape built on a metal frame. It consists of four interconnected domes that form a biome—a region with constant atmospheric conditions. The parameters and placement of each frame element were calculated with a high degree of accuracy—down to the millimeter.

Structure and shape of domes

The structure includes not only hexagonal elements, as one might assume. In areas where the domes touch the ground or connect with each other, elements of other shapes can be found – triangles and pentagons. In total, there are 830 frames made of pipes, each with a diameter of 20 centimeters; of these, 625 are hexagons. The reason that 625 hexagons make up 75% of the total is that this shape demonstrates the greatest efficiency in dividing any spaces. Andrew Wally, one of the partners at Grimshaw, emphasizes that the hexagonal shape optimally replicates natural patterns — insects or honeycombs serve as examples. The hexagon turns out to be the most economical choice.

Dimensions and functionality

The largest hexagon has a diameter of 11 meters, allowing it to cover an area close to 80 square meters. This space can accommodate two double-decker buses from London and several taxis, or, for example, it could be used to build a parking area for a small group of horses for the Knights of the Round Table. Each section that makes up the hexagon is equipped with three layers. Between these layers is air, which allows each "window" to function as a two-meter lens. An intelligent control system enables the dome to regulate internal pressure, thereby ensuring optimal climate conditions for the greenhouse, taking into account daily activity and seasonal changes.

Innovations in the use of materials

This opportunity was made possible by replacing the originally planned glass cover with a transparent film made from an innovative polymer. This material has a number of significant advantages:

• It lets through ultraviolet rays that are necessary for plants.
• The cost is half that of glass.
• It weighs a hundred times less than glass.
• It has excellent elastic properties.

Thus, a balance was achieved between functionality and the enhancement of energy efficiency across the entire complex, which is an important aspect of modern ecological construction and the development of sustainable spaces.

The problem of ecology and innovative materials

After 25 years of use, the material, which is as thin as a human hair, naturally decomposes without harming the environment. When developing this product, breakthroughs in modern technologies were anticipated over the next 25 years. Whether these hopes will be justified will only become clear with time.

Richard Buckminster Fuller and his ideas

The idea of creating this innovative material was proposed by Richard Buckminster Fuller, a self-taught architect who was recognized in the late 1940s as a pioneer in the field of construction. He deeply contemplated how people with limited financial resources and without academic degrees could enhance humanity's prospects in the context of survival.

Fuller began his experiment at the age of 32, without a higher education, yet he later became the author of 28 books, the holder of 25 patents, and the recipient of 47 various awards. His main discovery was geodesic domes, eight of which are now part of a project called "Eden." These domes serve not only as an architectural solution but also represent an efficient way to build strong and spacious structures with minimal resource expenditure.

The "Eden" project and its implementation

The development carried out by the Grimshaw architectural studio is an impressive example of applying Fuller’s ideas. The project was completed in just 18 months, and the structure, made up of 14,000 tubular elements with a total length of 36 kilometers, was assembled by hand. The weight of the building is only 25% greater than the weight of the air it contains, and it is so sturdy that it easily withstood tests: a 150-ton water tank was suspended from the dome.

Climate control system in the biome

Special attention should be given to the system that ensures the stability of the internal climate. The tropical biome, measuring 240 by 110 by 55 meters, is the largest greenhouse in the world. Under the dome, humidity levels and temperature are maintained at 28 °C, which corresponds to a tropical climate with its characteristic high humidity and heat.

If the temperature in this space exceeds the established limits, the windows automatically open, and as soon as it returns to normal, they close. In the event of a system failure for even one day, this could lead to the death of the biome. Additionally, the system regularly adjusts the soil moisture level based on its condition and simulates winds typical of tropical regions.

Cultural heritage and architecture of the United Kingdom

Thus, by observing these eight domes, one can see how England has left its mark on world architecture, creating two significant chapters in its history.

• The first chapter discusses the irregular landscape park that emerged in the 18th century as a response to the strict French baroque style.
• The second chapter is related to the political activities of Prince Charles and the development of English high-tech in the 1980s.

This historical context makes the project significant for both architectural heritage and the sociocultural development of the United Kingdom.

Unique project "Eden"

As a result of the merger of two architectural trends, a unique project called "Eden" has emerged, where English landscape high-tech is harmoniously intertwined with the idea of deep interaction between nature and art, complemented by modern technological solutions.

A new architectural style called bio-tech has been developed in England, and it is currently in the process of establishing its core principles. A key aspect of this direction is the application ofsustainable technologies.

Energy solutions and water supply

For example, to power "Eden," wind turbines are actively used, and the water needed for the project's operation is collected from a specially created rainwater collector located in the very center of the complex.

Plants as a center of attraction

The main highlight of this green museum is the plants. There are more than135 thousand copies, representing about12 thousand different speciesMany plants are at risk of extinction in their natural habitats due to human activity.

• The exhibits are divided by climate zones.
• Located in one of the two dome biomes: tropical or Mediterranean.
• Some are placed outdoors in a temperate climate biome.

In the future, the creation of a new biome is planned, which will recreate the flora of arid regions. However, as the project's scientific director Andrew Jasper emphasizes, "Eden" is not just an amusement park with dahlias, and it's not only about exotic plants when it comes to selecting new seedlings.

Information about plants

Near each group of plants, there are informational signs that indicate the names of the species and their practical uses.

• Sisal agaveis a feed for bees and is used for the production of hormonal medications.
• From the juice of dracaenasLacquers for metals and dyes for textiles are being produced.
• Fruits of the calabash treeserve as the basis for various dishes and musical instruments.

Some plants are used in perfumery, others in agrochemistry, and some become food or feed for animals. Next to certain plants, you can find physical samples of their useful properties, for example, a stack of tires under a rubber tree.

Sculptural installations "Eden"

“Eden” captivates with its variety of symbolic sculptural compositions dedicated to ecological issues.

Ecological art and recycling

The sculpture, made from recycled electronics, weighs 3.3 tons, which corresponds to the volume of electrical appliances discarded by each Briton over 77 years of life starting from the age of 21. Before taking its place in the garden, this colossal art object visited several European countries — the initiative of the project, led by Hugh Knowles and Mark Freemantle, aimed to draw public attention to pressing environmental issues.

Recycling statistics

The memorial plaque presents striking statistics regarding recycling:

• On average, each Briton throws away about 160 mobile phones a year.
• This is equivalent to 81 cruisers of the "Belfast" type over time.
• For all of Europe, this number is comparable to 590 versions of the Tower Bridge along with all its parts.

The future of the project

The authors emphasize that if the structure had been built with the modern person born in 2003 in mind, the weight of the new version of "Weee Man" would have increased by 2.5 times.

Visitor areas

In this eco-garden, in addition to the opportunity to stroll along the green alleys, visitors can:

• To ascend to the observation deck located under the dome of the tropical biome, which offers a breathtaking view of the natural landscapes,
• To try my hand and take a ride in a hot air balloon.

Eco cafes

In this unique space, five cafes operate, using only biodegradable and recycled containers for serving dishes, which reflects a commitment to environmental care. Residual food components are composted and used to grow new rare plants.

Moreover, many of the products offered here were grown right in this corner, and the apples here are completely safe to eat.

Project evaluation

The UK Minister of Culture, Media and Sport, Tessa Jowell, emphasized that this project is a true national treasure, which seems absolutely correct from an economic standpoint.

The phenomenon that arises in regions with the emergence of unique places is called the "Eden Effect." As noted by George Elworsi, the project leader, in the first year of operation, it was expected that Eden would attract between 750 and 1,000 visitors; however, the actual numbers exceeded 2 million. This was a real surprise, as the increase in visitor flow became a significant challenge for maintaining quality service.

The anniversary of Edem

For its five-year anniversary, the garden attracted 7.5 million tourists, ranking fifth among the most visited attractions in the UK, surpassed only by the London Eye, the Tower, Kew Gardens, and Edinburgh Castle.

It's no surprise that in the first five years after its opening, Eden generated over £730 million for the Cornwall treasury and the country as a whole, while its creation only cost £133 million. This became a true economic success, confirming the importance of such projects for promoting tourism potential and the prosperity of regions.

Reasons and awareness

Recently, a number of economists have started conducting surveys to explore the reasons behind an interesting phenomenon, as well as searching for ways to apply this phenomenon in various projects. However, it might be much simpler than that. Perhaps people are beginning to recognize their shortcomings and are eager to understand how to improve their lives by going to places where they can be explained this?

The success of the "Eden" project

The success of the "Eden" project is not accidental. The hard work of many talented individuals addressing relevant societal issues cannot go unnoticed. Tourists from all corners of the world come here to enjoy the beauty of this oasis. After completing the fascinating tours, 97% of visitors express their satisfaction by checking the "liked it" box on the surveys, and more than 72% are convinced that they will return here again.

Warnings from scientists

Scientists working on the project warn that human activity could lead to the extinction of half of the plant life on our planet in the near future. Paul Travers, the media director of "Eden," says:“Imagine that if all the people were to disappear from the Earth in an instant, flowers would bloom the next day. Perhaps they could even grow better without our interference. However, if plants were to vanish, humans would perish in just 12 hours. Let’s learn to respect nature and appreciate our coexistence with it.”

Excessive consumption

Even at the end of the 17th century, Daniel Defoe characterized excessive consumption of material goods as a sure path to serious consequences. Nevertheless, many of us still do not understand the importance of this fact.

Environmental initiatives

To teach people the principles of ecology, we must first improve ourselves. All employees of "Eden" actively participate in the implementation of eco-projects. Each of them receives two bags: an orange one for paper and a white one for other waste. This helps them bring recyclable materials collected at home to work. A complex waste sorting system has been organized in the park:

• paper
• organic waste
• plastic
• glass
• textile

Here, rare but in-demand sorters work, earning a decent wage. The sorted materials are handed over to recycling companies, bringing in two pounds sterling for every kilogram.

Recommendations from Chris Hines

Chris Hines, the project's ecologist, claims that such practices should be implemented in all companies around the world.“It is necessary for government institutions and deputies to receive special packages at least once to send waste for recycling. This will help raise awareness that unnecessary items can become useful. Such an experience should become standardized, and soon it will become a habit for people.”

Change of perception

The park staff is working to change people's perceptions of the environment. They are actively engaged in education and the implementation of new ecological standards in everyday practices to raise awareness of the importance of interacting with nature and being mindful of its resources. Each of them strives to contribute to the preservation of nature by learning and acting in harmony with it.

Team philosophy

Ultimately, this is not just a working method, but a philosophy of the entire team, based on a deep respect for the ecosystem and its diversity. Together, they demonstrate that it is possible to create an eco-friendly space where people can learn and grow while caring for the environment.

Overview of the "Eden" project

In a project called "Eden," a wide range of educational programs has been developed aimed at both youth and adults. Glen Leishman, the chief curator of the Mediterranean biome, shared his thoughts: "After our guide explained to the tourists how potatoes are grown and the challenges involved, many of them began to realize the importance of protecting the natural environment. I didn't expect it to provoke such a strong reaction."

Special conditions for cyclists

Special conditions are also provided for cycling enthusiasts: the ticket price is reduced from23 to 19 British poundsIt is unclear whether the creators of "Eden" considered this bonus, but their outstanding architectural and technological solution resonates significantly with ancient myths about the Knights of the Round Table.

Social impact of the project

The structure they built is capable of uniting not just hundreds, butthousands of people...influencing public consciousness in a positive way.

Contribution to the development of humanity

The question is how many participants in this project will be able to make a real impact on the progress of humanity? Probably very few. However, if even one person, inspired by the legacy of Buckminster Fuller, starts working for the good of society, they will be like the famous knight of the Round Table who sought the Holy Grail not for their own glory, but for the salvation of all humanity.

Future generations

Thus, there is hope that future generations will not be forced to build protective structures around their homes to guard against the consequences of the inaction and ignorance of their ancestors. The "Eden" project has become a symbol of unity and hope, contributing to the formation of an environmentally sustainable future. Within the framework of this project, programs are being implemented aimed at nature conservation, as well as activities that promote cultural development and community education.

Important steps

• Reduction of ticket prices for cyclists
• Commitment to the environmental idea
• The desire to use innovative approaches

It's no surprise that the project is gaining increasing support among numerous visitors, as its goal is not only to create an aesthetically pleasing space but also to inspire people to take active steps in protecting the environment and improving the quality of life in their communities.

Coexistence of architecture and ecology

This project serves as a vivid example of how architecture can coexist with ecological principles, creating a shared environment for living and learning. Initiatives like "Eden" can raise awareness of important environmental issues and help people gain a deeper understanding of their role in protecting the planet for future generations.

Prospects

If these efforts continue, we can expect our world to become more harmonious, and the ideas prevailing here to be more noble and wise.

Conclusion

In concluding my story about the ambitious project "Eden," I want to draw attention to the exhilarating prospects that open up before us thanks to this unique structure. Built in a desolate and troubled area, this project has become not only a symbol of hope for the revival of nature but also a vivid example of how advanced technology and human ingenuity can overcome serious obstacles.

Every step in creating "Eden" was infused with thoughts about the harmony between humans and nature. A key challenge was to create favorable conditions for the life of various ecosystems, which was achieved through complex calculations and innovative approaches. The unique structure of the geodesic domes, designed with the climate's characteristics in mind, not only maintains the ideal temperature for different plants but also minimizes energy consumption, which is undoubtedly an important aspect in the context of global climate change.

Community efforts

I cannot help but mention the efforts of the people who invested their knowledge and skills into this amazing structure. Architects, engineers, biologists, and many others who worked at every stage of the project became the driving force behind change, proving that a community can work in unison for a common goal. However, their efforts did not come without sacrifices. The previously existing business related to clay extraction not only provided livelihoods for local residents but also left its mark on the region's cultural heritage. Let those who seek to build anew on the site of the old remember this, and may it serve as a reminder of the importance of preserving cultural roots even in the face of change.

Inspiration and philosophy

The recognized magnitude and scale of "Eden" are inspiring. It has become a symbol of our ability to adapt and be creative in challenging conditions. I believe that this experience can serve as a beacon for future ecological and architectural initiatives that move hand in hand with nature, enriching our living world. "Eden" is not just a greenhouse; it is a whole philosophy aimed at reminding us of how much more needs to be done for a harmonious life on the planet.

Key points

• Harmony between humans and nature:The importance of creating favorable conditions for the life of ecosystems.
• Innovations and technologies:Features of the construction of geodesic domes.
• Community and efforts:The work of the community for a common goal.
• Heritage:Preserving cultural roots while implementing new projects.

We must learn from nature, be open to innovation, and never forget the value of local communities in order to leave a sustainable and prosperous legacy for future generations.