Power and the right to power worsen Spain's position in the Property Rights Index.

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Spain again ranks very low in the International Property Rights Index (IPRI), compiled by the Property Rights Alliance and published by the Institute for Economic Research.

In 2023, our country ranks 22nd among 37 developed economies and 4.2% below the European Union average. Our country's score suffers due to political instability, inadequate protection of physical property and the impact of property taxes. The study emphasizes the enormous harm caused by the housing problem due to the problem of occupation, price controls, urban planning bureaucracy or lack of agreements with the private sector for the development of new housing. All these circumstances have a negative impact on the enforcement and protection of property rights. The presentation of the index was conducted by Íñigo Fernández de Mesa and Gregorio Izquierdo. The research institute notes that "the basis of the report regarding the legal and political environment is strongly influenced by the component of political instability, while the state of physical property reflects the vulnerability of the housing sector. Because of these circumstances, Spain ranks at the bottom of both the OECD and EU rankings. In fact, our country ranks low in all analyzed categories, especially in the legal and political environment and in the protection of physical property, where we are among the ten worst performing countries throughout the analyzed period (2019-2022)."

The IIPS rankings for 2023 are topped by Finland, followed by the Netherlands, Denmark, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Luxembourg, Germany and Australia.

Austria, Switzerland, Japan, the United States, Canada and Ireland also perform positively.

Belgium, Iceland and France are above the European Union average, while South Korea and the Czech Republic are in the range of the OECD average. Spain and Portugal follow each other. Israel, Portugal, Lithuania, Latvia, Italy, Slovenia, Chile, Chile, Slovakia, and Costa Rica are below, while the lowest places are occupied by Poland, Hungary, Greece, Mexico, Colombia, and Turkey. Worst of all, Spain's performance in the IIPS will not improve and, in fact, will remain at the same level, as the country's overall score is 6.5 in 2023, the same value as in 2019.

Regarding the situation in the housing market, a study by the Institute of Economic Research stresses that "it is necessary to avoid ideological dogmas that demonize the role of the private sector in the real estate market, in which Spanish families have 70% of their wealth. It is necessary to encourage owners, both small and large, to be part of the solution to the crisis faced by low-income families in accessing housing".

A research center affiliated with the Confederation of Spanish Business Weekly warns that "the government's goal of creating 184,000 social housing units may not be possible and will not benefit the most needy groups if it does not focus on renting instead of buying. It is also financially impossible without private investment." In this context, what is proposed is "a framework of public-private cooperation in which private owners and developers provide rental housing to the State at below market price, but also with long-term contracts that provide certainty and economic security. Owners can have guarantees from the Spanish Institute of Credit Obligations or the Treasury to develop such housing, and in return the state will bring tens of thousands of houses and apartments for social renting to the market."