Active houses: a solution to the energy efficiency problem in Europe?

Energy consumption of buildings in Europe

In Europe, buildings consume about 40% of all energy, highlighting the importance of their energy efficiency in the context of growing construction and resource demands. To address the issue of energy resource shortages, the concept of active houses needs to be implemented. These structures are characterized by their ability to generate more energy than they consume for their needs. Active houses combine technologies from both passive buildings, which minimize energy consumption for heating, and "smart" homes equipped with modern technology.

The potential for reducing carbon emissions

According to data from international energy agencies, the implementation of technologies aimed at creating energy-efficient buildings could reduce carbon dioxide emissions by as much as 2 billion tons by 2050. The European Union strongly urges that all new buildings constructed after 2020 should have the capability to generate the energy needed for their operation independently. For example, a traditional building requires about 200–240 kWh/m² per year, while an active house manages this task by consuming only 10–12 kWh/m².

Experts' views on the future of active houses

Architect Manfred Hegger, who is a professor of design and energy-efficient construction at the Technical University of Darmstadt, is confident about the following: active houses connected in networks will be in demand in the future. He emphasizes that the very interaction between the production and consumption of energy obtained from renewable sources is becoming increasingly relevant, opening up new opportunities for collaboration and "solidarity" in neighborhood communities.

For example, excess energy produced in industrial enterprises or offices can be used for heating residential buildings in nearby areas.

Economic efficiency of active houses

Active houses have technologies that allow them not only to cover their own energy consumption but also to sell excess energy back to the central grid (up to 1500 kWh per year). This turns such houses into a source of income. The surplus electricity can also be used to charge electric vehicles, which contributes to environmental improvement and the development of electric transport.

Key technologies of active houses

The key efficiency of active houses is achieved through the use of innovative technologies:

• Solar panels:They are used to generate energy. For example, a solar collector with an area of 12 m² can produce up to 2000 kWh per year.
• Thermal insulation:When designing active houses, special materials are used that reduce heat transfer, which significantly lowers heating and cooling costs.
• Modern climate control systems:They allow for retaining up to 90% of heat in active houses, unlike standard ventilation systems in traditional homes, which lose up to 50% of heat.

Integration of technologies in smart homes

The heating system is also integrated into the overall concept of an active house, allowing for the creation of optimal conditions for its inhabitants. These achievements mark significant progress in the field of construction, contributing not only to an improved quality of life but also to a reduction in negative environmental impact.

Conclusion: the path to a sustainable future

In the context of global climate change and resource depletion, active houses are becoming an important aspect of a sustainable future. The application of such technologies offers hope for increased energy efficiency, ultimately leading to the creation of a cleaner and more comfortable living environment.

Modern approaches to heating

In today's world, the question of the necessity of using heating only when it is truly needed is becoming increasingly urgent. The integration of modern technologies makes it possible to automatically turn off heating systems in rooms where there are no people. Heat pumps are one of the best solutions to achieve this goal. They can extract up to 75% of the energy for heating from the environment, which significantly reduces heating costs.

The concept of a "smart home"

Today, the concept of a "smart home" is often discussed. It integrates and manages a number of engineering solutions, providing the user not only with comfort but also with the efficient use of resources.

Active house in Denmark

For example, in 2009, the world's first "active house," named Active House, was built in the suburbs of Aarhus, Denmark. This unique building features solar panels with a total area of 50 square meters, located on the southern side of the roof, which provides it with electricity.

Automation and comfort

A distinctive feature of this house is the intelligent temperature control system, which helps create a cozy microclimate and saves energy resources. Additionally, the large windows incorporated into the design provide ample natural light even on cloudy days, further reducing electricity consumption.

Economic efficiency

Energy experts have calculated that in three decades, the surplus of generated electricity will fully offset the costs of building this unique facility. At the time of its launch in 2009, its cost was around 600,000 euros. This is a quite competitive price considering its high energy efficiency.

Prospects for sustainable development

Thus, the concepts of "smart homes" and active buildings open up new prospects for the sustainable development of residential infrastructure. These approaches contribute not only to increased living comfort but also to a significant reduction in negative impacts on the environment.

Innovative technologies

• Implementation of innovative technologiesIn construction, this leads to real savings, making such projects increasingly attractive in today's construction sector.
• It should be noted that the implementation of such initiatives not only improves the living standards of their residents but also enhances the environmental situation on the planet.
• Progress in this areaIt continues to gain momentum, and it is quite likely that in the near future we will witness the emergence of even more advanced and resource-saving solutions in the field of housing construction.

Unique residential property in Sweden

In 2009, an original residential building named Villa Åkarp was constructed near the Swedish city of Malmö. This building stands out remarkably among modern architectural solutions due to its excellent energy efficiency and almost complete insulation. The design of the house includes thoughtful elements aimed at creating the perfect microclimate for its inhabitants. The foundation, walls, and roof of the villa are insulated with a thick layer of polystyrene, which effectively prevents heat loss, a crucial factor in the harsh climate of Sweden.

Key characteristics

Among the key features of Villa Åkarp are the windows, which are equipped with triple glazing. They provide excellent sound insulation and thermal insulation, significantly contributing to energy savings.

The effectiveness of modern double-glazed windows

In modern double-glazed windows, the use of krypton significantly improves heat retention. A comfortable temperature in living spaces is achieved thanks to a heat exchanger that ensures a continuous supply of fresh air. Interestingly, the installation of solar panels can produce up to 4200 kWh of energy per year. Notably, the excess energy produced amounts to about 600 kWh per year. The savings on utility bills allow the owners of such homes to easily set aside an average of 1650 euros annually. Although the cost of the villa in Åkarp has not been disclosed, preliminary estimates suggest that the investment in its construction and furnishing exceeded 100,000 euros compared to regular houses.

Active house project in Berlin

In 2011, a unique project was implemented in Berlin — the construction of an active house in modern high-tech forms. An important component of the management system is an intelligent device known as a touch panel, which allows residents to adjust lighting, heating, and the operation of various electrical devices. The main source of energy for this house is solar panels installed on the roof, which can produce 16,500 kWh per year.

It's interesting that the family living in this house used to consume around 2000 kWh, which allows them to significantly save on energy costs. The excess electricity generated is used to charge electric bicycles and electric cars, while any unnecessary energy is fed back into the power grid.

The concept of active energy balance

The concept of active energy balance is currently being applied not only in residential construction. In 2010, the construction of an energy-efficient educational institution began in Hohen Neuendorf, Brandenburg, Germany. This facility is built from high-quality concrete, and the walls are faced with brick to enhance thermal insulation properties.

The windows are located on the southern side and are equipped with vacuum insulation systems, which further helps to retain heat. The educational institution has natural ventilation, and heating is provided by pellets made from wood waste. Solar panels also supply the building with the necessary electricity.

According to experts, the operating costs of this school are 70% lower compared to a similar facility.

The situation in Russia

As for Russia, according to data from the RBC publication, the first active house was built in the Moscow region in 2011. The heating and hot water supply systems are based on a geothermal pump and solar collectors, while the ventilation system is a hybrid complex with heat recovery functionality.

All engineering networks are integrated into a single automated management system, which significantly optimizes energy consumption. Thanks to modern technologies, the heating costs for such a house amount to about 12,000 rubles per year, while maintaining a regular cottage of similar size would cost the owners 20,000 to 24,000 rubles.

Conclusion

In conclusion of my research on active houses, I would like to emphasize their significance in modern construction and the importance of transitioning to sustainable technologies. Given the rapid increase in construction volumes in Europe, the need for energy-efficient solutions has become critically important. Active houses, with their positive energy balance, not only reduce resource consumption but also become a source of energy for their owners and the surrounding community.

The implementation of such technologies will not only significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions but will also impact the economic model of housing construction.It is expected that with the introduction of the latest standards and regulations within the European Union, all new buildings will have the potential to produce more energy than they consume.This is not just an improvement in quality of life — it's an opportunity to create a new community where neighbors can share excess energy and support sustainable development.

Advantages of active houses

• Sustainable development:Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.
• Economic efficiency:Reducing energy costs.
• Smart management systems:Intelligent technologies for comfort.

It is important to note that active houses are distinguished not only by their high energy efficiency but also by smart technologies that make life more comfortable. Intelligent management systems, heat pumps, and advanced insulation make these buildings not only economical but also convenient for everyday use.

Result

In conclusion, I am convinced that active houses are not just a temporary solution to the problem of energy efficiency, but a sustainable step towards a future where ecology and quality of life go hand in hand.The future is ours, and we need to use all available tools to create it.Together, we can achieve significant success in energy conservation and ensure comfortable living conditions in harmony with nature.