What is the Mitte district in Berlin like and what is its historical heritage?
- Why is the Mitte district considered the center of cultural life in Berlin?
- How did the Reichstag become a symbol of power and change in German history?
- How was the Reichstag restored and what is its historical significance for Germany?
- How did the Brandenburg Gate become a symbol of Berlin's history and architecture?
- Why do Berlin's streets attract tourists and locals alike?
- Ostankino Tower: an architectural marvel and its cultural significance
Overview of the Mitte District
The Mitte district, whose name translates to "center," holds a privileged position among Berlin's territories due to its outstanding reputation. It is home to iconic landmarks of the German capital, such as the Brandenburg Gate, the Reichstag, Berlin Cathedral, Alexanderplatz, and the famous Berlin TV Tower.
Real estate in Mitte
On the real estate market in Mitte, you can find a variety of offers. For example, there is a modern studio for sale in a new residential complex, which offers a yield in3.83%and it costs337,000 €The area of this apartment is43 square metersand includes one bathroom.
In this area, a magnificent four-room penthouse is also available for sale, located in a building with its own garden and parking, which is valued at2,400,000 €and has a total area137 m²with three bedrooms.
Modern residential complexes
Art historians and modernity enthusiasts may want to take note of the new residential complexes, one of which is located near Potsdamer Platz and the KaDeWe department store, year of construction —2022This complex includes only29 apartmentsand prices start at603,000 €.
There is also a new three-room apartment with a loggia on the market, with a total area of96 m²which can be purchased for825,000 €This apartment has two bedrooms.
Other housing options
- Two-room apartmentfor619,000 €, area95 m²one bedroom.
- Three-room apartment in a new building with profitability3.44%total area73 m²available for567,000 €.
For those looking for a comfortable living space, a one-bedroom apartment with a balcony is offered in Wedding, with a total area of74 m²and a luxury apartment with a view of the zoo, priced on request.3,500,000 €and have an area256 m²they have three bedrooms.
Historical context
After the devastating events of World War II, the center of Berlin was almost completely destroyed. The Mitte district was divided into East and West Berlin, and many buildings remained unrepaired until the 1990s.
After the reunification of Germany, Mitte attracted the attention of creative individuals, including artists, sculptors, and musicians. In the historical part of the city, there were abandoned half-ruins where rent was very affordable. As a result of the artists' active efforts, numerous art galleries and museums began to open here, and street art and theaters also flourished.
Modern life in Mitte
The dynamics of life in the district, its vibrant atmosphere, and central location have attracted affluent citizens. In response, prestigious shops, exquisite restaurants, and stylish bars began to open in Mitte, leading to the establishment of headquarters for international companies and the location of embassies.
As a result, today Mitte is the most expensive district in Berlin, where the average cost per square meter is approximately6,880 €According to Immowelt data on2022 year).
Reichstag
The Reichstag, the iconic structure of the German parliament, was built in thein 1894This building served as the meeting place for the parliament of the German Empire and the Weimar Republic until1933This gives it historical significance and makes it an important part of the country's cultural heritage.
The Reichstag, a majestic building, was designed by architect Paul Wallot from Frankfurt. He created this structure with the aim of impressing everyone who sees it, capturing the feeling of immense imperial power. Its four towers symbolize the united lands that became part of the German Empire in 1871, including Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, and Württemberg.
Historical events of 1933
The events of 1933 left a deep mark in the history of the Reichstag, when Adolf Hitler took over the new government and achieved his appointment as Reich Chancellor. First of all, he dissolved the Reichstag and called for elections on March 5, but just a few days before the vote, a tragic event occurred — the Reichstag building was engulfed in a terrible fire, destroying the dome and severely damaging the assembly hall.
The National Socialists immediately blamed the communists for the arson, declaring that it represented a "communist uprising." Some researchers suggest that this act may have been premeditated by Hitler's supporters to eliminate political rivals. As a result of what happened, on February 28, Reich President Paul von Hindenburg signed a decree limiting civil liberties, which led to the official ban of the Communist Party.
Elections and the political situation
Despite all the manipulations, the National Socialists failed to win an absolute majority in the elections, winning only 288 seats out of 647. It was then decided to cancel the mandates belonging to the Communists. Soon other political parties in Germany were also either dissolved or announced self-dissolution.
These actions almost completely devalued the Reichstag, and parliamentary sessions moved to the Kroll Opera. In the remaining undamaged rooms of the building, the parliamentary administration and library continued to operate until the beginning of 1939.
Reichstag during World War II
During World War II, the Reichstag changed its functions and became a base for the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany. By 1941, the corner towers were converted into anti-aircraft positions, and the building itself was used as a bomb shelter. Some of its halls were turned into hospitals.
In the final days of the war, fierce battles erupted for control of the Reichstag, which had become a symbol of Nazi power. On May 1, 1945, a red flag was raised over the roof of the Reichstag, marking the victory of the Soviet soldiers. The capture of the Reichstag by the Soviet army became a powerful symbol of the surrender of Nazi Germany.
Post-war time and recovery
As a result of the devastating bombings and offensives, the building was severely damaged. After the division of Germany, the Reichstag ended up within the Federal Republic of Germany, located near the Berlin Wall. In 1954, due to the danger of complete collapse, the lower part of the dome was blown up, and some reliefs were removed from the facade.
Nevertheless, work soon began on the restoration of this once magnificent building, which had long become a symbol of change in Germany's history.
Restoration of the Reichstag
The restoration of the Reichstag building continued until 1973, and it was ultimately decided to forgo the restoration of the dome. However, the plenary chamber was fully restored with the future reunification of Germany in mind, to provide a dignified space for all deputies. The restored building has become a venue for various historical exhibitions and events.
First session of the Bundestag
On October 4, 1990, the day after the historic reunification of Germany, the first session of the new Bundestag, convened at the national level, took place in the Reichstag. A year later, in 1991, the Bundestag, which was then located in Bonn, moved to Berlin and occupied the premises of the Reichstag.
Architectural reconstruction
In 1993, architectural work on the reconstruction of this iconic building began under the guidance of English architect Lord Norman Foster. As part of his project, a majestic dome was created, inside which two spiral staircases, each 230 meters long, are located. The architect skillfully combined historical elements of the building with the requirements of the modern parliament, creating comfortable conditions for its operation.
Memorial wall
On the territory of the Reichstag there is a memorial wall where inscriptions of Soviet soldiers who participated in the storming of Berlin are preserved. Since 1999, the Bundestag has been holding regular meetings in the renovated building, and today the Reichstag is the most visited parliament in the world.
Brandenburg Gate
The Brandenburg Gate is a significant architectural structure located on the eastern side of Paris Square. These gates, along with famous landmarks such as the Colosseum inRome and the Eiffel Tower in Paris, symbolize Berlin and its cultural heritage. Of the eighteen city gates that once existed in Berlin, only these gates have survived to this day.
The history of the creation of gates
According to the decree of German Emperor Friedrich Wilhelm II, the Brandenburg Gate was built on the western outskirts of Berlin between 1789 and 1791. This triumphal structure was erected in honor of the peace established after the intervention of Prussian troops in the Netherlands in 1787. Therefore, the gate is also referred to as the Gate of Peace. The project was designed by German architect Karl Gotthard von Langhans, who was inspired by the propylaea, the monumental gates of the Athenian Acropolis. Later, thanks to the works of Karl Friedrich Schinkel and his school, this architectural style became known as "Prussian Hellenism."
The sculpture of Irene
The sparkling top of the gate is crowned with a sculpture of the ancient Greek goddess of peace, Irene, who is driving an antique chariot pulled by four horses. In 1806, Napoleon Bonaparte, after a series of military victories, triumphantly entered Berlin through these Gates of Peace and subsequently ordered the statue of Irene to be sent to Paris as a trophy. However, eight years later, it was returned to Berlin, and it continues to delight the city's residents and tourists to this day.
Changes in the image of the goddess
Since 1814, the image of the ancient Greek goddess who personified peace has changed significantly. Instead of the traditional olive wreath, she now held a Prussian iron cross.
Nevertheless, the fate of the statue of Irene-Victoria was very sad: it was completely destroyed during the terrible battles of World War II. Between 1956 and 1958, a team of restorers succeeded in restoring the historical value of the Brandenburg Gate and reconstructed the figure using the remaining original casts of the sculpture.
The symbol of a divided Berlin
During the Cold War, the Brandenburg Gate became a symbol of a divided Berlin, located on the border between the eastern and western parts of the city, and thus became part of the so-called Berlin Wall. After the reunification of Germany, the gate became a symbol of national reunification. It was through this arch that the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, Helmut Kohl, passed in 1989, highlighting its significance in the country's history.
Majestic boulevard
The Brandenburg Gate serves as the grand entrance to the famous boulevardUnder the Linden TreesThis street, adorned with a linden alley, has become popular among both locals and tourists. Unter den Linden, which translates to "under the linden trees," is considered one of the most famous streets in Berlin, renowned for its architectural landmarks, museums, and squares.
Attractions of the boulevard
This boulevard is home to important landmarks such as:
- Brandenburg Gate
- Berlin Cathedral
- Humboldt University
- Berlin State Opera
This street was popular among many prominent figures, such as poets.Heinrich HeineI was strolling here when I attended the philosopher's lectures.Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel., andMark Twain...who included it in the descriptions of his journey, calling it "three streets in one."
History of the boulevard
The boulevard got its name in 1647, whenFrederick William Iknown for his hunting interests, ordered the creation of a linden alley, which later became a riding path connecting the Berlin Castle with the hunting grounds, now located in the park.Tiergarten. The Grand Elector wished to admire the beauty of this avenue during his hunting trips.
Development of architecture
In 1770, under the leadership ofFrederick IILuxury mansions began to be built along the alley, providing housing for the aristocracy and wealthy citizens. From that time on, the street ceased to be a dusty road and became a symbol of style and nobility.
Significant buildings on the boulevard
The boulevard starts fromPalace Bridge, known for his sculptures made of white Carrara marble. This section of the street features iconic buildings of Prussia, such as:
- Wilhelm I Palace
- Opera
- Arsenal
- University
- Palaces of crown princes and princesses
- The equestrian statue of Frederick the Great
The Arsenal, as the oldest surviving building on Unter den Linden, was constructed between 1695 and 1730 and currently serves as an exhibition space forGerman Historical MuseumThe opera house, opened in 1742, became the first theater in Germany to be open to the general public.
Unter den Linden Street
Unter den Linden has become one of Berliners' favorite walking spots, where families with children and their pets, such as dogs and cats, often spend time outdoors.
On this boulevard, you can find luxurious hotels, financial institutions, stylish shops, and trendy restaurants that are popular with both locals and tourists.
Among the establishments, two interesting cafes stand out: one is located near the opera and has been known since the GDR era, while the other, "Einstein," situated on the boulevard, always attracts a large number of guests.
Alexanderplatz Square
Alexanderplatz Square, affectionately called "Alex", was named in honor of Russian Emperor Alexander I. In 1805, he visited the German capital to strengthen the Prussian alliance against Napoleon.
An important event in the history of this square was the meeting of the Russian and Prussian monarchs when it was called Torplaz. This meeting led to the signing of an agreement on joint actions against French influence.
In honor of the new alliance, the Prussian kingFriedrich Wilhelm IIIHe ordered the square to be renamed Alexanderplatz. It's surprising that later his daughter, who became Empress of Russia, was given the name Alexandra Feodorovna after marrying Nicholas I.
Historical events
Alexanderplatz was heavily damaged during World War II. The reconstruction of the square began in 1966, but with the fall of the Berlin Wall, the process of renewal accelerated, new residential and commercial buildings were constructed, and tram routes were restored.
According to the architect's planHans KolhoffIn the future, this area of East Berlin will become the site of 11 new high-rise buildings.
Cultural center
Currently, Alexanderplatz serves as a cultural center of the city, where numerous attractions are concentrated. These include:
- Watches with world time, displaying the time zones of different countries.
- Fountain "Friendship of Nations"
- The old church of Marienkirche
- The famous Red Town Hall with a height of 84 meters
- Fountain "Neptune"
Berlin TV Tower
Not far from Alexanderplatz is one of Berlin's most iconic landmarks—the TV Tower, which locals call "Alex Tower." This outstanding symbol of the capital is easily visible from any point in the city.
Berlin TV Tower— the tallest building in Germany, rising to 368 meters. It ranks fourth in height in Europe.
The grand opening of the tower took place in 1969, coinciding with the twentieth anniversary of the GDR. It was conceived as a symbol of the power and achievements of the socialist regime, and at the time of its completion, it was the third tallest building in the world.
Thus, the Berlin TV Tower not only captivates with its grandeur but also holds an important place in the historical and cultural context of the city.
Ostankino Tower and its significance
The Ostankino Tower, reaching a height of 540 meters and located in Moscow, as well as the Empire State Building in New York, which stands at 443 meters, are considered in the context of modern skyscrapers. In the center of Berlin, there is the so-called "Alex Tower." This unique architectural landmark is known for its sphere that slowly rotates, completing a full turn in one hour.
Inside, there is a restaurant, a stylish bar, and an observation deck that offers a stunning view of the surroundings. According to statistics, over a million tourists ascend this architectural masterpiece every year.
Unusual nicknames for the TV tower
The TV tower has several curious nicknames. When sunlight hits the metal sphere, its surface starts to reflect light, forming a shape that resembles a cross. This phenomenon has been dubbed "the Pope's Revenge" by the residents of Berlin, referencing the atheistic ideology of the GDR.
The tower is also sometimes referred to as the Church of Saint Walter in honor of Walter Ulbricht, who led the GDR and was involved in the opening of this outstanding structure. After his death, the building was designated as a memorial church, which is associated with the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church located in West Berlin.
Berlin Cathedral and its architecture
The Berlin Cathedral, or Berliner Dom, is considered the largest Protestant church in Germany, built in 1905. This magnificent building stands on the Spreeinsel island, which is surrounded by the waters of the Spree River. The island is known as Museum Island, as it is home to numerous cultural institutions.
The architectural features of the cathedral resemble the famous St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, reflecting the rivalry between Protestants and Catholics. The tense relations between these denominations served as a backdrop for the creation of an impressive temple with a luxurious interior, which is a rare occurrence in Protestant architecture, typically characterized by simplicity and modesty.
The mausoleum of the Hohenzollern dynasty
In addition to its primary function as a center of worship for evangelicals, this cathedral also serves as a burial place for the House of Hohenzollern. Its underground crypt contains the tombs of 70 members of this dynasty, among which stands out the exquisite sarcophagus of the "Great Elector" Frederick William I along with his wife Dorothea.
Jandarmenmarkt is the jewel of Berlin.
Jandarmenmarkt, also known as the Gendarmerie Market, is a German square designed in the Italian style and is considered one of the most beautiful squares in Berlin. The project for this square was developed by the famous court architect Johann Nering in the late 17th century.
At that time, this area was part of the suburb of Friedrichstadt, founded by the decree of the Prussian King Frederick I, who showed generosity towards the French Huguenots who settled here with the support of his father, the "Great Elector" Frederick William I.
Construction of churches in the square
In 1701, the construction of two symmetrical churches was planned on this site.
- One for the Lutherans (German cathedral)
- The second one for the Calvinists (French council)
These temples have become iconic symbols of their time and testimonies to religious coexistence in a large city. These unique buildings undoubtedly add a touch of history and cultural richness to the atmosphere of Berlin.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it is important to note that the Mitte district, which once went through difficult times, has become a symbol of Berlin's revival and transformation. This part of the city is not only its center but also a living testament to history, holding the lessons of the past. Home to historically significant buildings like the Reichstag, Mitte attracts the attention of millions of tourists and residents eager to learn more about its heritage, culture, and art.
With a rare combination of historical architecture and modern style, Mitte offers its residents unique opportunities for living and business. Despite the significant increase in housing prices here, the demand for real estate remains high. Mitte has become a favorite spot not only for artists and creative individuals but also for business people, as evidenced by the numerous offices of international companies that have opened in the area.
Real estate investments
Investing in real estate in Mitte is becoming increasingly attractive, considering its central location and rich history. Living here allows you to enjoy not only stylish apartments but also a variety of cultural events, restaurants, and shops.
Advantages of living in Mitte:
- A unique blend of history and modernity
- Cultural activities and events throughout the year
- The variety of restaurants and boutiques
- High interest in real estate and investment
Thus, considering Mitte as one of the most prestigious areas in Berlin, we see how this district continues to develop and change, reflecting the spirit of the times and the dynamics of life in Germany's capital. Undoubtedly, this area remains not only an important historical and cultural center but also an excellent investment opportunity, making it one of the most attractive places to live and work in modern Berlin.
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